{"id":9843,"date":"2025-03-02T10:40:37","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T10:40:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/vesuvius-turned-one-victims-brain-to-glass\/"},"modified":"2025-03-02T10:40:37","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T10:40:37","slug":"vesuvius-turned-one-victims-brain-to-glass","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/vesuvius-turned-one-victims-brain-to-glass\/","title":{"rendered":"Vesuvius Turned One Victim\u2019s Brain to Glass"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Five years ago Italian researchers published a study on the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79. that detailed how one victim of the blast, a male presumed to be in his mid 20s, had been found nearby in the seaside settlement of Herculaneum. He was lying facedown and buried by ash on a wooden bed in the College of the Augustales, a public building dedicated to the worship of Emperor Augustus. Some scholars believe that the man was the center\u2019s caretaker and was asleep at the time of the disaster.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In 2018, one researcher discovered black, glossy shards embedded inside the caretaker\u2019s skull. The paper, published in 2020, speculated that the heat of the explosion was so immense that it had fused the victim\u2019s brain tissue into glass.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Forensic analysis of the obsidian-like chips revealed proteins common in brain tissue and fatty acids found in human hair, while a chunk of charred wood unearthed near the skeleton indicated a thermal reading as high as 968 degrees Fahrenheit, roughly the dome temperature of a wood-fired Neapolitan pizza oven. It was the only known instance of soft tissue \u2014 much less any organic material \u2014 being naturally preserved as glass.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">On Thursday, a paper published in Nature verified that the fragments are indeed glassified brain. Using techniques such as electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, scientists examined the physical properties of samples taken from the glassy fragments and demonstrated how they were formed and preserved. \u201cThe unique finding implies unique processes,\u201d said Guido Giordano, a volcanologist at the Roma Tre University and lead author of the new study.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Foremost among those processes is vitrification, by which material is burned at a high heat until it liquefies. To harden into glass, the substance requires rapid cooling, solidifying at a temperature higher than its surroundings. This makes organic glass formation challenging, Dr. Giordano said, as vitrification entails very specific temperature conditions and the liquid form must cool fast enough to avoid being crystallized as it congeals.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Giordano and his colleagues deduced that shortly after Vesuvius began belching up debris, a steaming toxic cloud of ash and white pumice flashed through Herculaneum, instantly killing its inhabitants. Claudio Scarpati, a volcanologist at the University of Naples Federico II, has proposed that this so-called pyroclastic density current was the third of 17 that spewed from Vesuvius.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Pulses of colder volcanic debris followed, engulfing the area. \u201cThe residents of Herculaneum were already dead by the time they were buried,\u201d Dr. Giordano said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Although the short-lived ash cloud left only an inch or two of debris and little if any structural damage, it is said to have heated the caretaker\u2019s brain to well above 950 degrees, the glass transition temperature; this broke the soft tissue into smaller pieces without destroying it. Dr. Giordano said that the bones of the man\u2019s skull and spine probably gave some protection to the brain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">As the ash cloud dissipated, temperatures quickly returned to normal. In the open air, at 950 degrees, the caretaker\u2019s brain fossilized into glass. Only body parts containing some liquid can vitrify, Dr. Giordano said, which is why the caretaker\u2019s bones remained intact.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The 2020 study was met with some skepticism by other scientists, largely because the raw data was not available. Tim Thompson, a forensic anthropologist at Maynooth University in Ireland, was perhaps the most vocal doubter. This time around, the results excited him. \u201cI very much enjoy seeing new scientific methods applied to the archaeological context,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But Dr. Thompson would like to see more evidence and more of the original data: \u201cThe heating and cooling within Herculaneum following the eruption is likely to be complicated, and the results of the investigation certainly support their conclusions. It just depends on whether the material is brain.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/02\/science\/vesuvius-pompeii-volcano-brain.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Five years ago Italian researchers published a study on the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79. that detailed how<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9844,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[1317,1068,2149,3429,3430,3431,1065,3368,188],"class_list":["post-9843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-2","tag-archaeology-and-anthropology","tag-brain","tag-forensic-science","tag-glass","tag-herculaneum-italy","tag-mount-vesuvius-italy","tag-nature-journal","tag-volcanoes","tag-your-feed-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Vesuvius Turned One Victim\u2019s Brain to Glass - World News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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