{"id":7270,"date":"2025-02-19T14:03:18","date_gmt":"2025-02-19T14:03:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/trillions-of-viruses-live-in-your-body-a-i-is-trying-to-find-them\/"},"modified":"2025-02-19T14:03:18","modified_gmt":"2025-02-19T14:03:18","slug":"trillions-of-viruses-live-in-your-body-a-i-is-trying-to-find-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/trillions-of-viruses-live-in-your-body-a-i-is-trying-to-find-them\/","title":{"rendered":"Trillions of Viruses Live in Your Body. A.I. Is Trying to Find Them."},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The viruses we know best are the ones that make us sick \u2014 the influenza viruses that send us to bed and the smallpox viruses that may send us to the grave.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But healthy people are rife with viruses that don\u2019t make us ill. Scientists estimate that tens of trillions of viruses live inside of us, though they\u2019ve identified just a fraction of them. A vast majority are benign, and some may even be beneficial. We don\u2019t know for sure, because most of the so-called human virome remains a mystery.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">This year, five universities are teaming up for an unprecedented hunt to identify these viruses. They will gather saliva, stool, blood, milk and other samples from thousands of volunteers. The five-year effort, called the <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/commonfund.nih.gov\/humanvirome\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Human Virome Program<\/a> and supported by $171 million in federal funding, will inspect the samples with artificial intelligence systems, hoping to learn about how the human virome influences our health.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cI think it will swamp the data that we\u2019ve had up until now,\u201d said Frederic Bushman, a microbiologist at the University of Pennsylvania and one of the program\u2019s leaders.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5221746\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">first hints<\/a> of the human virome emerged over a century ago. Analyzing stool samples, scientists discovered viruses known as phages that could infect bacteria inside the gut. Phages also turned up in the mouth, lungs and skin.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Scientists <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00430-007-0066-x\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">later found viruses<\/a> that infected our own cells without causing any major symptoms. A <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rmv.2034\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">vast majority<\/a> of the world\u2019s population gets infected with cytomegaloviruses, for example, which can colonize just about every organ.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In the early 2000s, new genetic sequencing methods led scientists to find yet more viruses in saliva, blood and stool. The technology also allowed them to estimate the number of viruses in our bodies by counting copies of viral genes. Each gram of stool, it turned out, contains billions of phages.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Each person\u2019s gut may harbor hundreds or even a thousand species of phages. But when biologists go from <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/cell-host-microbe\/fulltext\/S1931-3128(19)30476-7\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">person to person<\/a>, they will find many viral species in one that are missing from another \u2014 even when those people are married. The more people scientists study, the more species of phages they discover.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cI\u2019m expecting tens of millions of species,\u201d said Evelien Adriaenssens, a phage biologist at the Quadram Institute in Norwich, England.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The viruses that infect human cells have turned out to be unexpectedly diverse. In 1997, researchers in Japan inspecting the blood of a patient discovered an <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7765\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">entirely new virus family<\/a> that came to be known as anelloviruses. Last month, a <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ve\/veaf002\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">study<\/a> revealed over 800 new species of anelloviruses, bringing the total number of known species to more than 6,800.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some recent studies about the human virome raise questions about the very definition of a virus. A standard virus consists of a protein shell holding genes that are encoded either in double-stranded DNA or single-stranded RNA. But scientists are finding that our bodies are also home to exquisitely tiny <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.09.033\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">rings of free-floating RNA<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Scientists are still blind to much of the human virome. Viruses are so small that they can lurk unseen inside cells. Some can even sneak their genes into their host cell\u2019s DNA, where they can hide for years before replicating.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cTotally new tools are going to have to come in,\u201d said Dr. Pardis Sabeti, a computational biologist at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Sabeti and her colleagues are developing an artificial intelligence system that the Human Virome Program will deploy to discover subtle features of viral genes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The researchers will then try to figure out what all those viruses are doing inside of our bodies. Scientists have traditionally treated phages like predators of bacteria, ruthlessly killing them in order to make more copies of themselves. But recent experiments are pointing to a <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2024.09.27.614587v2\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">much more complicated relationship<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThey\u2019re not in a fight to the death,\u201d said Colin Hill, a microbiologist at APC Microbiome Ireland, a research center in Cork. \u201cThey\u2019re in a partnership.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In the human body, for example, phages typically don\u2019t exterminate their host bacteria. And bacteria may benefit from their friendly relationships with phages, which can move genes from one host microbe to another, possibly boosting their survival.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">This partnership may be good for our health, too. Recent studies suggest that phages distribute defensive genes that their hosts can use to hold back the invading pathogens. And <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.033\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">cytomegaloviruses<\/a> might help defend us against skin cancer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Shadmehr Demehri, a Harvard cancer immunologist, and his colleagues have found evidence that cytomegaloviruses become active inside skin cells that have been damaged by the sun. The infected cells make viral proteins, which draw the attention of nearby immune cells. They attack the damaged cells \u2014 and may thus prevent them from progressing to cancer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Demehri\u2019s studies have shown that <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.11.013\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">human papillomaviruses<\/a>, too, can help destroy skin cells that are at risk of producing a tumor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s a paradigm shift in how we think of viruses in general,\u201d Dr. Demehri said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/02\/19\/health\/human-virome-program.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The viruses we know best are the ones that make us sick \u2014 the influenza viruses that send us to<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7271,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[213,2221,1447,268,1009,630,188],"class_list":["post-7270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-2","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-bacteria","tag-microbiology","tag-research","tag-science-and-technology","tag-viruses","tag-your-feed-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Trillions of Viruses Live in Your Body. A.I. Is Trying to Find Them. - World News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/trillions-of-viruses-live-in-your-body-a-i-is-trying-to-find-them\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trillions of Viruses Live in Your Body. A.I. 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