{"id":6232,"date":"2025-02-14T22:25:53","date_gmt":"2025-02-14T22:25:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/eleanor-maguire-memory-expert-who-studied-london-cabbies-dies-at-54\/"},"modified":"2025-02-14T22:25:53","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T22:25:53","slug":"eleanor-maguire-memory-expert-who-studied-london-cabbies-dies-at-54","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/eleanor-maguire-memory-expert-who-studied-london-cabbies-dies-at-54\/","title":{"rendered":"Eleanor Maguire, Memory Expert Who Studied London Cabbies, Dies at 54"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Eleanor Maguire, a cognitive neuroscientist whose research on the human hippocampus \u2014 especially those belonging to London taxi drivers \u2014 transformed the understanding of memory, revealing that a key structure in the brain can be strengthened like a muscle, died on Jan. 4 in London. She was 54.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Her death, at a hospice facility, was confirmed by <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/profiles.ucl.ac.uk\/2488\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Cathy Price<\/a>, her colleague at the U.C.L. Queen Square Institute of Neurology. Dr. Maguire was diagnosed with spinal cancer in 2022 and had recently developed pneumonia.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Working for 30 years in a small, tight-knit lab, Dr. Maguire obsessed over the <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1991\/09\/24\/science\/a-brain-unit-seen-as-index-for-recalling-memories.html?timespastHighlight=hippocampus\" title=\"\">hippocampus<\/a> \u2014 a seahorse-shaped engine of memory deep in the brain \u2014 like a meticulous, relentless detective trying to solve a cold case.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">An early pioneer of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (f.M.R.I.) on living subjects, Dr. Maguire was able to look inside human brains as they processed information. Her studies revealed that the hippocampus can grow, and that memory is not a replay of the past but rather an active reconstructive process that shapes how people imagine the future.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cShe was absolutely one of the leading researchers of her generation in the world on memory,\u201d <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/profiles.ucl.ac.uk\/5833-chris-frith\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Chris Frith<\/a>, an emeritus professor of neuropsychology at University College London, said in an interview. \u201cShe changed our understanding of memory, and I think she also gave us important new ways of studying it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In 1995, while she was a postdoctoral fellow in Dr. Frith\u2019s lab, she was watching television one evening when she stumbled on <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oSAAB1ZmudY\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cThe Knowledge,\u201d<\/a> a quirky film about prospective London taxi drivers memorizing the city\u2019s 25,000 streets to prepare for a three-year-long series of licensing tests.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Maguire, who said she rarely drove because she feared never arriving at her destination, was mesmerized. \u201cI am absolutely appalling at finding my way around,\u201d she once told The Daily Telegraph. \u201cI wondered, \u2018How are some people so bloody good and I am so terrible?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In the first of a series of studies, Dr. Maguire and her colleagues scanned the brains of taxi drivers while quizzing them about the shortest routes between various destinations in London.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The results, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jneurosci.org\/content\/17\/18\/7103.full#sec-10\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">published<\/a> in 1997, showed that blood flow in the right hippocampus increased sharply as the drivers described their routes \u2014 meaning that specific area of the brain played a key role in spatial navigation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But that didn\u2019t solve the mystery of why the taxi drivers were so good at their jobs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Maguire kept digging. Using M.R.I. machines, she measured different regions in the brains of 16 drivers, comparing their dimensions with those in the brains of people who weren\u2019t taxi drivers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThe posterior hippocampi of taxi drivers were significantly larger relative to those of control subjects,\u201d she <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.070039597#abstract\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">wrote<\/a> in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. And the size, she found, correlated with the length of a cabby\u2019s career: The longer the cabby had driven, the bigger the hippocampus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Maguire\u2019s study, published in March 2000, generated headlines around the world and turned London taxi drivers into unlikely scientific stars.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cI never noticed part of my brain growing,\u201d David Cohen, a member of the London Cab Drivers Club, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/science\/nature\/677048.stm\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">told<\/a> the BBC. \u201cIt makes you wonder what happened to the rest of it.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Maguire wondered, too: Why (and how) did their hippocampi grow?<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She followed up with other studies. One showed that the hippocampi of bus drivers \u2014 whose routes were set rather than navigated from memory \u2014 didn\u2019t grow. Another showed that prospective taxi drivers who failed their tests did not gain any hippocampus volume in the process.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The implications were striking: The key structure in the brain governing memory and spatial navigation was malleable.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In a roundabout way, Dr. Maguire\u2019s findings revealed the scientific underpinnings of the ancient Roman \u201cmethod of loci,\u201d a memorization trick also known as the \u201cmemory palace.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">This technique involves visualizing a large house and assigning an individual memory to a particular room. Mentally walking through the house fires up the hippocampus, eliciting the memorized information. Dr. Maguire <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nn988\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">studied memory athletes<\/a> \u2014 people who train their brains to memorize vast amounts of information quickly \u2014 who used <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nn988\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">this method<\/a>, and observed that its effectiveness was \u201creflected in its continued use over two and a half millennia in virtually unchanged form.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-5\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But recalling information was only half the story.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In studying patients with damage to the hippocampus, including those with amnesia, Dr. Maguire found that they couldn\u2019t visualize or navigate future scenarios. One taxi driver, for instance, struggled to make his way through busy London streets in a virtual-reality simulation. Other amnesiacs couldn\u2019t imagine an upcoming Christmas party or a trip to the beach.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cInstead of visualizing a single scene in their mind, such as a crowded beach filled with sunbathers, the patients reported seeing just a collection of disjointed images, such as sand, water, people and beach towels,\u201d the journal Science News <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/scin.2008.5591731922\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">reported<\/a> in 2009.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The hippocampus, it turns out, binds snippets of information to construct scenes from the past \u2014 and the future.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThe whole point of the brain is future planning,\u201d Dr. Maguire was quoted as saying in Margaret Heffernan\u2019s book <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mheffernan.com\/book-uncharted.php#modal-close\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cUncharted: How to Navigate the Future\u201d<\/a> (2020). \u201cYou need to survive and think about what happened when I was last here, is there a scary monster that will come out and eat me? We create models of the future by recruiting our memories of the past.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Eleanor Anne Maguire was born on March 27, 1970, in Dublin. Her father, Paddy Maguire, was a factory worker. Her mother, Anne Maguire, was a receptionist.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-6\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Growing up, Eleanor was obsessed with \u201cStar Trek.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cMy first scientific hero was fictional \u2014 Spock, science officer on the Starship Enterprise,\u201d she told the journal Current Biology in 2012. \u201cHe embodied so much of what attracted me to science. He was inquisitive, logical, honest, meticulous, calm, fearless in facing the unknown, innovative and unafraid of taking risks.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She graduated from University College Dublin in 1990 with a degree in psychology, and returned to earn her doctorate there after receiving a master\u2019s degree from the University College of Swansea (now Swansea University).<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Maguire joined the faculty at University College London in 1995 and never left.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She is survived by her parents. Her brother, Declan, died in 2019, also of cancer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">At Dr. Maguire\u2019s memorial service, Dr. Price spoke about the energy and excitement her friend and longtime colleague generated at the lab, recalling that Dr. Maguire\u2019s mother had called nightly to remind her daughter to go home.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt wasn\u2019t just a job,\u201d Dr. Price said. \u201cIt consumed us, day and night.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">There was a sense that they were onto something big.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cWe were among the first to use cutting-edge technology to peer inside the healthy, living human brain and witness its functions in action,\u201d Dr. Price said. \u201cIt was an exhilarating and transformative time in neuroscience, and Eleanor\u2019s curiosity and creativity were instrumental to numerous discoveries.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/02\/14\/science\/eleanor-maguire-dead.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eleanor Maguire, a cognitive neuroscientist whose research on the human hippocampus \u2014 especially those belonging to London taxi drivers \u2014<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6233,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[1068,441,2462,1158,2463,2461,1417,268,2464,2465],"class_list":["post-6232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-2","tag-brain","tag-deaths-obituaries","tag-eleanor-1970-2025","tag-london-england","tag-magnetic-resonance-imagers","tag-maguire","tag-memory","tag-research","tag-taxicabs-and-taxicab-drivers","tag-university-college-london"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Eleanor Maguire, Memory Expert Who Studied London Cabbies, Dies at 54 - World News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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