{"id":5232,"date":"2025-02-10T18:56:33","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T18:56:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/scientists-detect-shape-shifting-along-earths-solid-inner-core\/"},"modified":"2025-02-10T18:56:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-10T18:56:33","slug":"scientists-detect-shape-shifting-along-earths-solid-inner-core","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/scientists-detect-shape-shifting-along-earths-solid-inner-core\/","title":{"rendered":"Scientists Detect Shape-Shifting Along Earth\u2019s Solid Inner Core"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The inner core at the center of the Earth, a ball of iron and nickel about 1,500 miles wide, may not be perfectly solid.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">A new study finds evidence that the inner core\u2019s outer boundary has noticeably changed shape over the past few decades.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThe most likely thing is the outer core is kind of tugging on the inner core and making it move a little bit,\u201d said John Vidale, a professor of earth sciences at the University of Southern California.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Vidale and his colleagues <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41561-025-01642-2\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">reported their findings<\/a> on Monday in the journal Nature Geoscience.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">That adds to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/05\/29\/science\/earths-core-the-enigma-1800-miles-below-us.html\" title=\"\">the mysteries about the planet\u2019s center<\/a>. Geophysicists have previously reported that <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2005\/08\/26\/science\/scientists-say-earths-center-rotates-faster-than-surface.html\" title=\"\">the inner core does not spin at exactly the same rate as the rest of Earth<\/a>. They also showed that <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/23\/science\/earth-core-reversing-spin.html\" title=\"\">the pace of rotation changes<\/a> \u2014 the inner core appeared to be spinning slightly faster than the outer layers a couple of decades ago, and now it is spinning slightly slower.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The inner core is the deepest of Earth\u2019s geological layers. The crust \u2014 the layer that we live on \u2014 is just a few miles thick. Below that, filling up 84 percent of the planet, is the 1,800-mile-thick mantle, which is soft enough in places to flow up and down and generate the forces that <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/10\/30\/science\/earth-continents-geology-research.html\" title=\"\">push the continents around<\/a>. Between the mantle and the inner core is the liquid outer core.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Scientists of course cannot cut into Earth and directly observe its insides. Instead, their knowledge is inferred from the vibrations generated by earthquakes that pass through the planet. The speed and the direction of the seismic vibrations change depending on the density and the elasticity of the rocks.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">For this study, Dr. Vidale and his colleagues looked at earthquakes in the South Sandwich Islands, a volcanic chain in the South Atlantic Ocean.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">So many earthquakes happen there that sometimes a new event is almost identical in magnitude and location to one that occurred years earlier.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The scientists identified more than 100 such \u201cearthquake pairs,\u201d analyzing readings from 1991 to 2004 at two arrays of seismometers more than 8,000 miles away, one near Fairbanks, Alaska, the other in Yellowknife, Canada.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The analysis originally aimed to improve on earlier work that suggested a slowing of the inner core\u2019s spin. But the scientists did not understand aspects of the signals at the Yellowknife array.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cBasically, the wiggles are different,\u201d Dr. Vidale said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">By coincidence, for some of the pairs, the inner core was in the same orientation during both quakes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Identical earthquake vibrations passing through the identical part of the Earth should have produced identical seismic signals at Fairbanks and Yellowknife. At Fairbanks, that was true, but at Yellowknife the signals were different.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Because Yellowknife is somewhat closer to the South Sandwich Islands than Fairbanks is, the seismic waves from the islands\u2019 earthquakes did not travel as deeply into the inner core as those reaching Fairbanks. That suggested something had changed near the outer boundary of the inner core.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Turbulent flow in the outer core or gravitational pull from denser parts of the mantle could have deformed the inner core boundary, which might account for the change in the seismic signals, Dr. Vidale said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cWe expect it\u2019s soft because it\u2019s near melting point,\u201d he said. \u201cSo it\u2019s no surprise if it deforms.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The new findings will not be the last on the subject. \u201cThe offered interpretation is sound,\u201d said Hrvoje Tkalcic, a professor of geophysics at the Australian National University who was not involved with the research, \u201calthough it is not the only possible explanation, as the authors acknowledge.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In recent years, geophysicists have argued over whether differences in the seismic signals are caused by a change in the rotation rate or by a change in the shape of the inner core. \u201cThis study thus reconciles the last debate by proposing a combination of both causes,\u201d Dr. Tkalcic said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Lianxing Wen, a professor of geosciences at Stony Brook University in New York who <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.1131692\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">in 2006 reported possible changes of shape at the inner-core boundary<\/a>, remains unconvinced that the inner core spins at a rate different from that of the rest of Earth.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Wen said the Yellowknife data was inconsistent with that hypothesis. \u201cOrdinarily, such inconsistencies should lead to an abandonment of the original inconsistent interpretation,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">A change in shape, without any change in the rotation shape, was enough to explain the seismic data, Dr. Wen said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Even Dr. Vidale is not completely convinced he is correct. \u201cWe\u2019re pretty sure we were right, but this isn\u2019t a bulletproof paper,\u201d he said. \u201cHow sure? I sort of put it at 90 percent.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Tkalcic said more data was needed to resolve the question, which \u201ccan be achieved by building seismological infrastructure in remote areas of the planet, including the ocean floor.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Xiaodong Song, a professor at Peking University in China who in the mid-1990s was one of the first to propose that the inner core was spinning at a different speed from that of the Earth\u2019s surface, agreed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThis new study,\u201d Dr. Song said, \u201cshould motivate a new round of exploration into strange behaviors at the heart of the planet.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News 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may<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5233,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[2186,1437,2183,268,2184,2185],"class_list":["post-5232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-fairbanks-alaska","tag-geology","tag-nature-geoscience-journal","tag-research","tag-south-sandwich-islands","tag-yellowknife-northwest-territories"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Scientists Detect Shape-Shifting Along Earth\u2019s Solid Inner Core - World News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/scientists-detect-shape-shifting-along-earths-solid-inner-core\/\" 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