{"id":49730,"date":"2025-10-03T16:41:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-03T16:41:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/why-government-shutdowns-are-so-common-in-the-u-s-but-not-other-democracies\/"},"modified":"2025-10-03T16:41:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-03T16:41:38","slug":"why-government-shutdowns-are-so-common-in-the-u-s-but-not-other-democracies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/why-government-shutdowns-are-so-common-in-the-u-s-but-not-other-democracies\/","title":{"rendered":"Why government shutdowns are so common in the U.S. but not other democracies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div id=\"\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/garret-martin-365081\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>Garret Martin<\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0is a Hurst senior professorial lecturer and the co-director of the Transatlantic Policy Center at the\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/american-university-school-of-international-service-2886\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>American University School of International Service<\/em><\/a>. <\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p>When it comes to <span class=\"link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/live-updates\/government-shutdown-third-day-trump-senate-house\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-invalid-url-rewritten-http=\"\">shutdowns<\/a><\/span>, the U.S. is very much an exception rather than the rule. <\/p>\n<p>On Oct. 1, 2025, hundreds of thousands of <span class=\"link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/atlanta\/news\/furloughed-cdc-workers-paychecks-government-shutdown-effects\/\" data-invalid-url-rewritten-http=\"\">federal employees were furloughed<\/a><\/span> as the business of government ground to a halt. With negotiations in Congress seemingly deadlocked over a funding deal, many political watchers are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2025\/10\/01\/prediction-markets-see-government-shutdown-lasting-nearly-two-weeks.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">predicting a lengthy period<\/a> of government closure. <\/p>\n<p>According to the nonpartisan nonprofit Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, the latest shutdown represents the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crfb.org\/papers\/government-shutdowns-qa-everything-you-should-know\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">20th such funding gap since 1976<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>But it doesn&#8217;t have to be like this \u2014 and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2018\/01\/22\/why-other-countries-dont-have-government-shutdowns-2\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">in most countries, it isn&#8217;t<\/a>. Other Western democracies experience polarization and political turmoil, too, yet do not experience this problem. Take for example the U.K., traditionally one of Washington&#8217;s closest allies and home to the &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.parliament.uk\/about\/living-heritage\/building\/palace\/big-ben\/much-more-than-a-clock\/a-beacon-of-democracy\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">mother of parliaments<\/a>.&#8221; <\/p>\n<p>In the British system, government shutdowns just don&#8217;t happen \u2014 in fact, there has never been one and likely never will be. <\/p>\n<p>So why do they <span class=\"link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/government-shutdown-history-congress\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-invalid-url-rewritten-http=\"\">occur in Washington<\/a><\/span> but not London? Essentially, it comes down to four factors: the relative power of the legislature; how easy it is to pass a budget; the political stakes at play; and distinctive appropriation rules. <\/p>\n<h2> 1. Legislative power <\/h2>\n<p>There are significant differences in how the legislatures of the U.K. and U.S. shape the budgetary process.  <\/p>\n<p>In the U.K., only the executive branch \u2014 the party or coalition in power \u2014 has the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/article\/explainer\/government-spending-how-does-parliament-approve-it\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">authority to propose spending plans<\/a>. Parliament, which consists of members from all political parties, maintains an oversight and approval role, but it has very limited power over the budgetary timeline or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/article\/explainer\/government-spending-how-does-parliament-approve-it\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">to amend spending plans<\/a>. This is a stark contrast with the U.S., where Congress \u2014 which may be split or controlled by a party different to the executive \u2014 plays a far more consequential role.  <\/p>\n<p>The U.S. president starts the budget process by laying out the administration&#8217;s funding priorities. Yet, the Constitution grants Congress the <a href=\"https:\/\/history.house.gov\/Institution\/Origins-Development\/Power-of-the-Purse\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">power of the purse<\/a> \u2014 that is, the power to tax and spend.  <\/p>\n<p>Moreover, past legislation has bolstered congressional control. The 1974 Congressional Budget Act helped <a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanprogress.org\/article\/reflections-congressional-budget-act\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">curtail presidential involvement in the budgeting process<\/a>, giving Congress more authority over the timeline. That gave Congress more power but also offered it more opportunities to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/agenda\/story\/2015\/10\/richard-nixon-congressional-budget-control-act-history-000282\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">bicker and derail the budgetary process<\/a>. <\/p>\n<h2> 2. Thresholds to pass a budget <\/h2>\n<p>Congress and the U.K. Parliament also differ when it comes to their voting rules. Passing the U.S. budget is inherently more complicated, as it requires the support of both the Senate and the House of Representatives. <\/p>\n<p>In Parliament, however, the two houses \u2014 the elected House of Commons and unelected House of Lords \u2014 are not equally involved. The two Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/explainer\/parliament-acts\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">limited the power of the House of Lords<\/a>, preventing it from amending or blocking laws relating to budgeting. <\/p>\n<p>Additionally, approving the budget in Westminster requires only an absolute majority of votes in the House of Commons. That tends to be quite a straightforward hurdle to overcome in the U.K. The party in power will typically also command a majority of votes in the chamber or be able to muster one up with the support of smaller parties. It is not, however, so easy in Congress. While a simple majority suffices in the House of Representatives, the Senate still has a 60-vote requirement to close debates before proceeding with a majority vote to pass a bill.  <\/p>\n<h2> 3. Political stakes <\/h2>\n<p>U.S. and U.K. politicians do not face the same high stakes over budget approval. Members of Congress may eventually pay a political price for how they vote on the budget, but there is no immediate threat to their jobs. That is not so in the U.K.  <\/p>\n<p>Indeed, the party or coalition in power in the U.K. must <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/article\/explainer\/confidence-motions-and-parliament\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">maintain the &#8220;confidence&#8221; of the House of Commons<\/a> to stay in office. In other words, they need to command the support of the majority for key votes. U.K. governments can actually fall \u2014 be forced to resign or call for new elections \u2014 if they lose formal votes of confidence. Since confidence is also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/article\/explainer\/confidence-motions-and-parliament\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">implied in other major votes<\/a>, such as over the annual budget proposals, this raises the stakes for members of Parliament. They have tended to think twice before voting against a budget, for fear of triggering a dissolution of Parliament and new elections. <\/p>\n<h2> 4. Distinctive appropriation rules <\/h2>\n<p>Finally, rules about appropriation also set the U.S. apart. For many decades, federal agencies could still operate <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2019\/01\/09\/us\/politics\/longest-government-shutdown.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">despite funding bills not being passed<\/a>. That, however, changed with a ruling by then-Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti in 1980. He determined that it would be illegal for governments to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2019\/01\/09\/us\/politics\/longest-government-shutdown.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">spend money without congressional approval<\/a>.  <\/p>\n<p>That decision has had the effect of making shutdowns more severe. But it is not a problem that the U.K. experiences because of its distinct rules on appropriation. So-called &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/guidetoprocedure.parliament.uk\/articles\/Tnyf75h2\/votes-on-account\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">votes on account<\/a>&#8221; allow the U.K. government &#8220;to obtain an advance on the money they need for the next financial year.&#8221; <\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/266553\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer-when-downgrade\"\/><\/div>\n<p><em>This is an updated version of an article that was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/shutdowns-are-a-uniquely-american-drama-in-the-uk-its-just-not-parliaments-cup-of-tea-213928\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">first published by The Conversation U.S.<\/a>\u00a0on Sept. 28, 2023.<\/em> <\/p>\n<p><em>This article is republished from\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>The Conversation<\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0under a Creative Commons license.<\/em> <\/p>\n<p>    <!-- data-recirc-source=\"chartbeat\" --><\/p>\n<aside class=\"component list recirculation component--type-recirculation component--type-recirculation-collection\">\n<\/aside>\n<p>    <!-- tags --><\/p><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/government-shutdown-common-in-us-not-other-democracies\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Garret Martin\u00a0is a Hurst senior professorial lecturer and the co-director of the Transatlantic Policy Center at the\u00a0American University School of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":49731,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[3704,798],"class_list":["post-49730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","tag-government-shutdown","tag-united-states-congress"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Why government shutdowns are so common in the U.S. but not other 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