{"id":4359,"date":"2025-02-06T22:22:08","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T22:22:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/what-lurks-in-this-flowers-bizarrely-large-y-chromosome\/"},"modified":"2025-02-06T22:22:08","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T22:22:08","slug":"what-lurks-in-this-flowers-bizarrely-large-y-chromosome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/what-lurks-in-this-flowers-bizarrely-large-y-chromosome\/","title":{"rendered":"What Lurks in This Flower\u2019s Bizarrely Large Y Chromosome?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The vast majority of plants are hermaphrodites, with both male and female reproductive parts. <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internationaloaksociety.org\/content\/mating-single-oaks\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Oaks<\/a>, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/plant\/orchid\/Natural-history\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">some orchids<\/a>, the potted spider plant in your office \u2014 they\u2019re all capable of reproducing without a member of another sex nearby.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt makes sense if you are an organism that can\u2019t run around and find mates,\u201d said Deborah Charlesworth, a population geneticist at the University of Edinburgh who has studied the reproductive strategies of plants for decades.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But some plants have taken a different approach. They have evolved sex chromosomes, the bits of DNA that make individual plants either male or female. In that club are organisms like the ginkgo, whose females produce stinky fruits, while males are stink-free. Or consider the asparagus, whose females produce red berries and thinner stalks than males.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some of these species are stranger yet: Their sex chromosomes are bizarrely outsized. The diminutive white campion plant, for instance, packs a Y chromosome that is bigger than the entire genome of the <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hmg\/article-abstract\/5\/Supplement_1\/1437\/662044?redirectedFrom=fulltext\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">puffer fish<\/a> or that of the <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/datasets\/genome\/GCA_000001215.2\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">fruit fly<\/a>. In the journal Science on Thursday, collaborating researchers, including Dr. Charlesworth, have <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.adj7430\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">published a full sequence<\/a> of the white campion\u2019s beefy Y chromosome, allowing a closer look at its contents and evolutionary history.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">DNA sequencing is commonplace these days. But in the 1990s, when fast sequencing technology was new and fueling a revolution in biology, scientists could not use it effectively on the Y chromosomes of plants, said Gabriel Marais, a biologist at Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1 in France and a senior author of the new paper.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">That\u2019s because the techniques used to sequence the rest of the genome do not work well on Y chromosomes, which tend to have many of the same sequences repeated over and over. Slicing up the Y chromosome, sequencing the fragments and trying to piece them together like a puzzle \u2014 which works so well with the rest of the genome \u2014 yields so many identical pieces that it is impossible to assemble the larger picture.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In the last decade, however, the arrival of another form of sequencing has made it possible to try again.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">No slicing and dicing is required, allowing long, intact stretches of the chromosomes to be deciphered. In the new paper, Dr. Marais and his colleagues used the technique on the white campion\u2019s Y. Then, they sequenced the sex chromosomes of male plants they found that exhibited mutations and pinpointed genes playing different roles in making them male. Some genes suppressed female traits. Others encouraged male ones, influencing processes like flower development and pollen production.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The findings may explain why the white campion\u2019s Y chromosome is such a mammoth: Preserving these genes and others like them might have taken priority over keeping the chromosome compact, Dr. Charlesworth said. Much of the Y\u2019s bulk is made up of pieces of DNA that have a tendency to duplicate themselves, in an endless copy-and-paste fest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In many organisms, X and Y chromosomes can jettison extra material during DNA-swapping sessions with each other. But the campion lost much of its ability to tidy up large parts of its sex chromosomes this way long ago, perhaps in part because swapping could endanger the integrity of these genes. Over time, this idea goes, more and more material would have built up, leading to an outlandishly large chromosome hoard.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Understanding how plants that have developed two sexes determine which plant becomes male or female has implications beyond scientific curiosity. Many crop plants fall into that category, including figs, papayas, grapes and others. Cannabis has a particularly ancient system for determining sex, Dr. Charlesworth noted, two or three times older than that in white campion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Curiously, the researchers were able to deduce that there have been several bursts of growth in the chromosome\u2019s existence over the last 11 million years. What drove those bursts is still a mystery. They hope that future work, as well as identifying more genes driving sex differences, may illuminate more about how this Y chromosome grew so gigantic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/02\/06\/science\/giant-y-chromosome-flower.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The vast majority of plants are hermaphrodites, with both male and female reproductive parts. Oaks, some orchids, the potted spider<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4360,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[1873,777,1757,266,1872,188],"class_list":["post-4359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid","tag-flowers-and-plants","tag-genetics-and-heredity","tag-reproduction-biological","tag-science-journal","tag-your-feed-science"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Lurks in This Flower\u2019s Bizarrely Large Y Chromosome? - World News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/what-lurks-in-this-flowers-bizarrely-large-y-chromosome\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Lurks in This Flower\u2019s Bizarrely Large Y Chromosome? - World News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The vast majority of plants are hermaphrodites, with both male and female reproductive parts. 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