{"id":3549,"date":"2025-02-02T20:56:26","date_gmt":"2025-02-02T20:56:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/karen-pryor-guru-of-positive-reinforcement-is-dead-at-92\/"},"modified":"2025-02-02T20:56:26","modified_gmt":"2025-02-02T20:56:26","slug":"karen-pryor-guru-of-positive-reinforcement-is-dead-at-92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/karen-pryor-guru-of-positive-reinforcement-is-dead-at-92\/","title":{"rendered":"Karen Pryor, Guru of Positive Reinforcement, Is Dead at 92"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Karen Pryor once taught a hermit crab to ring a bell by pulling a string with its claw. She taught a cat to play the piano (ham was involved) and, most impressive, her mother to stop complaining on the phone.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ms. Pryor, whose experience as a dolphin trainer showed her how positive reinforcement could be used to train just about any animal, including horses, dogs, cats and people, died on Jan. 4 at a memory care facility in Santa Clarita, Calif. She was 92.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Her daughter, Gale Pryor, said the cause was dementia.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ms. Pryor was a naturalist by nature, but she had not planned on a career as a dolphin trainer. She was an English major whose husband, a poet and helicopter pilot turned marine biologist, built the first marine park in Hawaii. Three months before it was set to open in 1964, the dolphins chosen to be the stars had confounded their trainers by not learning the tricks planned for them. Instead, they had taught their exhausted handlers to give them treats for nothing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The behavioral psychologist B.F. Skinner had begun experiments with people and animals in the late 1930s, using positive reinforcement \u2014 what he called operant conditioning \u2014 as a way to elicit positive behaviors. (He famously taught a rat to spend money and a pair of pigeons to play Ping-Pong.) His principles had informed the nascent field of marine mammal training.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The crew at Sea Life, the Pryors\u2019 soon-to-be-opened park, had been given a manual based on those principles. But the trainers had gotten bogged down in the scientific jargon. So Ms. Pryor took over.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She learned the elegance of the technique, which involves waiting for a desired behavior \u2014 jumping, say, or retrieving an object \u2014 and then rewarding it with a treat. (That would be a fish, if you\u2019re a dolphin.) She learned about conditioned reinforcers: using a signal \u2014 a whistle, a hand movement, a clicker \u2014 to herald that a reward was on its way, and then using that signal to refine or shape a behavior or series of behaviors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some of the animals she trained began to improvise, like the otter who did marvelous things with a hoop. She had trained it simply to swim through the hoop, but its innovations included lying down on it, swimming backward through it, and catching it on its hind legs and dragging it around. (Otters like to experiment.) When this one displayed its feats before a group of visiting psychologists, they were stunned.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cAmazing,\u201d said one, Ms. Pryor wrote in \u201cLads Before the Wind: Adventures in Porpoise Training\u201d (1975). \u201cIt takes me four years to get graduate students to think like that.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The creatures at Sea Life Park \u2014 an engaging cast of individuals with unique quirks and interests \u2014 not only seemed to enjoy their work; they also became skilled teachers themselves, training the humans to communicate with them more effectively. But Ms. Pryor was no sentimentalist, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1992\/02\/18\/science\/dolphin-courtship-brutal-cunning-and-complex.html\" title=\"\">as she told Natalie Angier of The New York Times<\/a> in 1992:<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cEverybody who\u2019s done research in the field is tired of dolphin lovers who believe these creatures are floating hobbits. A dolphin is a healthy social mammal, and it behaves like one, including doing things that we don\u2019t find particularly charming.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Sea Life Park had been designed as a marine park and a research center overseen by Kenneth Norris, a noted marine mammal expert. Ms. Pryor and her cadre of trainers and dolphins began to participate in studies Dr. Norris was conducting, including for the Navy. They tested the limits of dolphin speed. They measured how deep the dolphins could dive. Years later, as a consultant to the tuna industry along with Dr. Norris, Ms. Pryor offered recommendations for designing nets so dolphins would not be caught in them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In 1984, President Ronald Reagan <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/documents\/nomination-karen-pryor-be-member-the-marine-mammal-commission\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">appointed Ms. Pryor to the Marine Mammal Commission<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The naturalist Konrad Lorenz came to observe the work at Sea Life Park. So did B.F. Skinner, whose daughter, Deborah, stayed on as a trainer. The social scientist Gregory Bateson spent eight years there observing how dolphins communicate. <\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cLads Before the Wind,\u201d published in 1975, was Ms. Pryor\u2019s account of her adventures there. But it was her third book \u2014 her first was \u201cNursing Your Baby\u201d (1963), a book on how to nurse humans \u2014 that made her name.<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"imageblock-wrapper\">\n<figure class=\"img-sz-small css-1189og3 e1g7ppur0\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\"><figcaption data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-caption\" class=\"css-13ytnnu ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-jevhma e13ogyst0\">Ms. Pryor\u2019s \u201cDon\u2019t Shoot the Dog!,\u201d first published in 1984 and still in print, laid out the principles of positive reinforcement.<\/span><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit&#8230;<\/span><span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Bantam<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cDon\u2019t Shoot the Dog! The New Art of Teaching and Training,\u201d first published in 1984, laid out the principles of positive reinforcement. It was both prescriptive and profound.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ms. Pryor\u2019s cure for her mother\u2019s phone habits involved a practice called extinction. She stayed silent during the recitation of woes. But if her mother stopped ranting to inquire about Ms. Pryor\u2019s children or offer a benign comment, she would respond with enthusiasm. Within weeks, the complaining behavior had been extinguished.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She wrote of how nagging, like other negative reinforcements, only reinforces the nagger\u2019s tendency to nag more; rarely does it elicit any positive reaction in the naggee. This tendency, she noted, becomes more pronounced in more extreme behavior modifications, like beating a child or whipping a horse. Fear will modify the behavior in both creatures. The child or horse will be cowed to obedience, and the punisher will be emboldened to continue his or her corrosive ways.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Positive reinforcement, she wrote, is by contrast a process of give and take: \u201cOne becomes more aware of others, and, inevitably, more aware of oneself.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Karen Liane Wylie was born on May 14, 1932, in Manhattan, the only child of Sally Ondek, a fashion model, and the author <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/timesmachine.nytimes.com\/timesmachine\/1971\/10\/26\/91309502.html?pageNumber=39\" title=\"\">Philip Wylie<\/a>, whose best-selling 1943 essay collection, \u201cGeneration of Vipers,\u201d excoriated modern life and included a satirical piece about what he called the cult of mother worship in American society. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-5\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Karen grew up in Connecticut and Miami and was a born naturalist \u2014 the kind of child, her daughter said, who always had a frog in her pocket. With her father, she learned to snorkel and dive. At Cornell University, she wanted to major in ornithology but was told that women could not be accepted in the program because there was no place for them to go to the bathroom in the woods.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She chose English instead, but she also took every natural history course she could. She kept a fish tank in her sorority, which intrigued a fellow student, a creative writing major named Taylor Allderdice Pryor, known as Tap, who was also ocean obsessed. They married in 1954.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Mr. Pryor enlisted in the Marines, trained to be a helicopter pilot and was posted to Oahu. By then the Pryors had three children and were raising pheasants to pay the bills, and Mr. Pryor had decided to become a marine biologist. He was studying sharks, but there was no place in Hawaii with a tank big enough to keep them. So he decided to build a marine park \u2014 a fairly novel idea in the early 1960s, when there were only a few on the mainland \u2014 and combine it with a research center.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The Pryors sold Sea Life in 1971 and divorced the next year. In 1983, Ms. Pryor married Jon Lindbergh, a deep sea diver and salmon farmer who was a son of the celebrated aviator Charles Lindbergh. They divorced in the mid-1990s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-6\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In addition to her daughter, Ms. Pryor is survived by two sons, Tedmund and Michael; seven grandchildren; and three great-grandchildren.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cShe was a pioneer in the marine mammal training world,\u201d Ken Ramirez, the former executive vice president of animal care and animal training at Shedd Aquarium in Chicago, said in an interview. \u201cIn the \u201970s, behavioral psychology, or applied behavioral analysis, the science we now use to train marine mammals, was focused on people, children with learning disabilities, autistic children. Karen was an outlier, among a small number of others, who were interested in refining Skinner\u2019s studies and using them for animal training.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-7\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In the decades after \u201cDon\u2019t Shoot the Dog!\u201d was published, Ms. Pryor held workshops for humans, including pilots, fishermen and surgeons, using clickers as signals to help them perform tasks more efficiently. But it was dogs that really took to clicker training. Ms. Pryor didn\u2019t invent the practice, but she helped popularize and refine it, with conferences and an academy for dog trainers. <\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cSo much of dog training is <em class=\"css-2fg4z9 e1gzwzxm0\">still<\/em> about dominance,\u201d said Annie Grossman, the author of \u201cHow to Train Your Dog With Love and Science\u201d (2024). \u201cIt\u2019s how we\u2019re treated, and so we treat our dogs that way. The genius of Karen Pryor is that she showed it doesn\u2019t have to be.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-8\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">When Ms. Pryor wrote the first edition of \u201cDon\u2019t Shoot the Dog!\u201d \u2014 it is still in print today \u2014 she noted that while the term \u201cpositive reinforcement\u201d had seeped into the culture, she saw few examples of it being put into practice.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIn fact,\u201d she wrote, \u201cmost people don\u2019t understand it, or they would not behave so badly to the people around them.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/02\/02\/us\/karen-pryor-dead.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Karen Pryor once taught a hermit crab to ring a bell by pulling a string with its claw. She taught<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3550,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[267,441,1537,1536,446,1533,1535,1534,1532,1539,1538],"class_list":["post-3549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-animal-behavior","tag-deaths-obituaries","tag-dogs","tag-dolphins-and-porpoises","tag-hawaii","tag-karen-1932-2025","tag-marine-biology","tag-positive-reinforcement","tag-pryor","tag-psychology-and-psychologists","tag-sea-life-park"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Karen Pryor, Guru of Positive Reinforcement, Is Dead at 92 - World News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/karen-pryor-guru-of-positive-reinforcement-is-dead-at-92\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Karen Pryor, Guru of Positive Reinforcement, Is Dead at 92 - World News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Karen Pryor once taught a hermit crab to ring a bell by pulling a string with its claw. 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