{"id":31807,"date":"2025-06-10T22:34:59","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T22:34:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/niede-guidon-92-archaeologist-who-preserved-prehistoric-rock-art-dies\/"},"modified":"2025-06-10T22:34:59","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T22:34:59","slug":"niede-guidon-92-archaeologist-who-preserved-prehistoric-rock-art-dies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/niede-guidon-92-archaeologist-who-preserved-prehistoric-rock-art-dies\/","title":{"rendered":"Niede Guidon, 92, Archaeologist Who Preserved Prehistoric Rock Art, Dies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Niede Guidon, a Brazilian archaeologist whose work called into question a longstanding theory of how the Americas were first populated by humans, and who almost single-handedly transformed a hardscrabble region of northeast Brazil into the Serra da Capivara National Park, died on Wednesday at her home near the park, in S\u00e3o Raimundo Nonato. She was 92.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Marian Rodrigues, the park\u2019s director, said the cause was a heart attack.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Guidon was perhaps best known in international scientific circles for her disputed findings that human beings arrived in the Americas 30,000 years ago or more. But few questioned her accomplishments in tracking down and preserving hundreds of millennia-old rock paintings in a semiarid, cactus-studded, impoverished corner of Piau\u00ed state.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In 1979, at her insistence, the Brazilian government made the area a national park, and in 1991, again largely because of her, UNESCO, the United Nations cultural agency, declared it a World Heritage site. She then became instrumental in the creation of two museums nearby: The <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/fumdham.org.br\/cpt_home\/museu-do-homem-americano\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Museum of the American Man<\/a>, which opened in 1996, and the <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/museudanaturezapi\/?hl=en\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Museum of Nature<\/a>, in 2018. And she had an outsize role in attracting investment to the town, leading to a new airport and a federal university campus and to vastly improved public education in the region.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThe best way to preserve the paintings was to preserve the surroundings, and to preserve the surroundings, you had to provide resources for the people,\u201d Antoine Lourdeau, a French archaeologist who worked with Dr. Guidon on and off for about a decade starting in 2006, said in an interview. \u201cI don\u2019t think most archaeologists are conscious of the social implications of their own work.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Guidon was particularly effective in training and employing women in a region where men held sway and domestic violence was common, said Adriana Abujamra, the author of <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com.br\/Ni%C3%A9de-Guidon-Uma-arque%C3%B3loga-sert%C3%A3o\/dp\/6589828180\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a 2023 biography of Dr. Guidon<\/a>. \u201cI heard many, many touching testimonials to her from women who gained financial autonomy and sent their men to hell,\u201d a Portuguese expression meaning they left their partners, she said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Aside from working for the park and museums, some as guides and guards, many locals produce <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/meldosertaopi\/?hl=en\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">honey<\/a> and <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ceramicaserradacapivarapi\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">ceramics<\/a> that are sold nationwide through initiatives that Dr. Guidon started in the 1990s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Niede Guidon was born on March 12, 1933, in Ja\u00fa, a small city in S\u00e3o Paulo State. Although Neide is a popular Brazilian name, Niede is not. Her father\u2019s side of the family was French, and she was named for the Nied River, which runs through France and Germany.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">After studying natural history at the University of S\u00e3o Paulo and receiving the equivalent of a bachelor\u2019s degree in 1958, Ms. Guidon took a job that year as a teacher in the small and predominantly Roman Catholic town of It\u00e1polis. But after denouncing corruption within the school to a S\u00e3o Paulo magazine in early 1959, the town \u2014 egged on by school administrators \u2014 turned against her.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">As a single woman who drove a car, skipped Mass and taught evolution, she was an easy target in largely conservative It\u00e1polis. Tensions grew, and after violent protests, she and two other female teachers fled, escorted by police officers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cAll that was missing to complete the medieval scene was a bonfire to burn the witches,\u201d she told a reporter at the time, according to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.b9.com.br\/shows\/niedeguidon\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a 2024 podcast<\/a> about her life.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Later that year, she took at job at the Paulista Museum in S\u00e3o Paulo, and it was there that she became interested in archaeology. During a photographic exhibition she had organized \u2014 of prehistoric Brazilian rock drawings \u2014 visitors from northeastern Brazil showed her photographs of the paintings in Piau\u00ed, the ones that she would devote her life to preserving.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But not for a while. Her initial attempt to see them, in 1963, failed when the collapse of a bridge prevented her from gaining access to the area. The next year, she fled Brazil to Paris after being tipped off that she would soon be arrested by the new military dictatorship, which had overthrown President Jo\u00e3o Goulart to gain power.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She studied archaeology in France, eventually earning a doctorate from the University of Paris in 1975, though she returned frequently to Brazil for field work. In 1970, Dr. Guidon was finally able to visit the rock paintings in Piau\u00ed. <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/03\/28\/world\/americas\/discoveries-challenge-beliefs-on-humans-arrival-in-the-americas.html?searchResultPosition=3\" title=\"\">Stunned by their complexity<\/a>, she began to visit regularly, organizing teams for days-long treks through difficult terrain to catalog what turned out to be hundreds of archaeological sites.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She returned to Brazil for good in 1986, and six years later moved to S\u00e3o Raimundo Nonato, where she was known around town as \u201cDoutora,\u201d or Doctor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In the 1990s, excavations near the painting sites uncovered material \u2014 including carbon remains from presumed firepits and chipped stone tools \u2014 that laboratories dated to 30,000 years ago. Dr. Guidon was astonished. But other scientists were highly skeptical, especially those from the United States, who adhered to the Clovis model, named after an archaeological site in New Mexico, where evidence supported the theory that humans most likely arrived in the Americas 13,000 years ago by crossing a land bridge that is now the Bering Strait.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Though scientists now generally agree that humans arrived on the North American continent a few thousand years earlier, Dr. Guidon\u2019s findings are still controversial. The question remains whether the materials excavated near the painting sites were created by humans or by natural forces.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-5\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But her work did bring attention, money and resources to Piau\u00ed, and even some of her academic critics acknowledge her accomplishments.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cShe was a stateswoman with a sense of purpose, who knew how to persuade people,\u201d said Andr\u00e9 Strauss, an archaeologist at the University of S\u00e3o Paulo. He doubted some of Dr. Guidon\u2019s findings but nevertheless admired her charisma \u2014 so much so that he called her \u201cthe Churchill of northeastern Brazil.\u201d Like Churchill, she had a flair for the dramatic, often threatening to pack up and return to the more refined life she led in Paris as an academic, according to Ms. Abujamra\u2019s biography.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But she never did. On the morning of June 5, she was buried in the garden outside her house in S\u00e3o Raimundo Nonato.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<br \/><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/06\/10\/science\/niede-guidon-dead.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Niede Guidon, a Brazilian archaeologist whose work called into question a longstanding theory of how the Americas were first populated<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31808,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[1317,820,441,7499,2824,2823,7500,7502,7501],"class_list":["post-31807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-archaeology-and-anthropology","tag-brazil","tag-deaths-obituaries","tag-guidon","tag-monuments-and-seashores","tag-national-parks","tag-niede","tag-rock-art","tag-serra-da-capivara-national-park-brazil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Niede Guidon, 92, Archaeologist Who Preserved Prehistoric Rock Art, Dies - World News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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