{"id":22993,"date":"2025-05-03T10:24:14","date_gmt":"2025-05-03T10:24:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/one-of-the-weather-worlds-biggest-buzzwords-expands-its-reach\/"},"modified":"2025-05-03T10:24:14","modified_gmt":"2025-05-03T10:24:14","slug":"one-of-the-weather-worlds-biggest-buzzwords-expands-its-reach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/one-of-the-weather-worlds-biggest-buzzwords-expands-its-reach\/","title":{"rendered":"One of the Weather World\u2019s Biggest Buzzwords Expands Its Reach"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">For people on the West Coast, atmospheric rivers, a weather phenomenon that can bring heavy rain or snow from San Diego to Vancouver, are as common a feature of winter as Nor\u2019easters are in Boston.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Like those East Coast storms, \u201catmospheric river\u201d can feel like a buzzword \u2014 more attention grabbing than just \u201cheavy rain,\u201d even if that is how most people walking down the streets of San Francisco will experience it. But it is also a specific meteorological phenomenon that describes the moisture-rich storms that develop over the Pacific Ocean and dump precipitation when they collide with the mountain ranges of Washington, Oregon and California.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">These plumes of exceptionally wet air transported through the atmosphere by strong winds are not unique to the West Coast, though. They occur around the world, and a growing number of meteorologists and scientists are beginning to apply the term to storms east of the Rocky Mountains. When days of heavy rain caused deadly flooding in the central and southern United States this spring, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accuweather.com\/en\/weather-forecasts\/atmospheric-river-to-trigger-central-us-flooding-that-may-become-life-threatening-historic\/1760941\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">AccuWeather<\/a> pinned the unusual weather on an \u201catmospheric river.\u201d <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/04\/18\/weather\/kentucky-floods-atmospheric-river-climate\/index.html\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">So did CNN.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">While some researchers hope to see the term become more widely adopted, not all meteorologists are doing this, including those at the National Weather Service. At the center of the debate is a struggle over how forecasters describe the day\u2019s weather.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-786fa532\">Atmospheric rivers can stretch up to 2,000 miles.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">They form over oceans generally in the tropics and subtropics, where water evaporates and collects into giant airborne rivers of vapor that move through the lower atmosphere toward the North and South Poles. They\u2019re distinctly narrow, on average measuring 500 miles wide and stretching 1,000 miles. Many weaker atmospheric rivers bring beneficial rain and snow, but stronger ones can deliver heavy rainfall that causes flooding, mudslides and catastrophic damage.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The rain doesn\u2019t fall on its own. Just as water needs to be squeezed out of a wet sponge, an atmospheric river requires a mechanism \u2014 specifically, upward vertical motion \u2014 to release the rain and snow. When atmospheric rivers are pushed upward, the water vapor cools, condenses and precipitates.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">On the West Coast, this process happens over and over again from late fall to early spring, and is easy to understand as mountain ranges such as the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada provide that upward lift. Atmospheric rivers coming from the Pacific Ocean smash into the mountains, causing the water vapor to rise and turn into liquid. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">It\u2019s more complicated in other parts of the country, where the upward lift usually comes from instability in the atmosphere that is less tangible \u2014 and less predictable \u2014 than a mountain. In the Central United States in early April, cold air swinging down from the north plowed underneath an atmospheric river coming in from the Gulf, pushing up that wet, moist air.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cOnce the warm air lifts to a point where it\u2019s warmer than its surroundings, it can rise explosively, and that results in severe thunderstorms,\u201d said Travis O\u2019Brien, an assistant professor at Indiana University, who co-authored <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1029\/2023GL107236\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">a paper last year<\/a> that drew attention to atmospheric rivers in the Midwest and on the East Coast.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The flooding was extreme in places like Kentucky, Tennessee and Arkansas \u2014 some locations recorded over 15 inches of rain \u2014 as atmospheric rivers flowed into the region for five continuous days. <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-4dc7f372\">Why are they called that, anyway?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Atmospheric rivers have always existed, but scientists only began to recognize them in the mid-1970s and 1980s with the development of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, known as GOES, which are built by NASA and operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cBefore that it would rain heavily on the West Coast, and no one really quite knew what was going on,\u201d said Clifford Mass, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Washington. \u201cBefore that, we didn\u2019t talk much about it.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-5\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The advanced satellite technology provided the imagery that allowed researchers and meteorologists to see atmospheric rivers. They started talking about them, and naming them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The term atmospheric river was first presented in the <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1029\/94GL01710\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">1990s<\/a> by two men at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Reginald E. Newell, a meteorologist and professor, and Yong Zhu, a research scientist. They at first used the term <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/92GL02916\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">tropospheric river<\/a>, after the lowest layer of the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, where most weather happens. Two years later, that had morphed into atmospheric river, a description <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1029\/94GL01710\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">the men chose<\/a> because the rivers \u201ccarry as much water as the Amazon.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-5b62e7e9\">Is the term overused? Sometimes.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">It wasn\u2019t until the 2010s and 2020s that the term entered the mainstream, and it did so almost exclusively on the West Coast. That is because scientists were closely tracking and studying atmospheric rivers at universities there, with <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1029\/2023GL107236\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">hundreds<\/a> of research papers identifying them as a major source of rain and snow and the almost singular source of big floods in California, Oregon and Washington. One remarkable example: A series of nine atmospheric rivers <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/01\/14\/climate\/california-atmospheric-river-noaa.html\" title=\"\">drenched<\/a> California in December 2022 and January 2023, causing weeks of widespread flooding and alleviating a yearslong drought.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, who is known for <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@weatherwest\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">his popular commentary<\/a> on meteorology, said interest in atmospheric rivers generally surges during exceptionally wet and stormy periods in California. He likes the label but said it sometimes gets misused and overused, and that can lead to confusion around the severity of a storm. The media can mislead the public when they don\u2019t distinguish between unremarkable atmospheric rivers, the moderate ones that bring beneficial rainfall, and the more substantial \u2014 even scary \u2014 ones that cause destruction, he said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-6\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThe only real pitfall is this notion that all atmospheric rivers are really extreme, destructive events, because of course that\u2019s not true,\u201d Mr. Swain said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">A scale classifying atmospheric rivers was presented in <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/view\/journals\/bams\/100\/2\/bams-d-18-0023.1.xml\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">2019<\/a> to help alleviate this confusion. Dr. Marty Ralph, the director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego, led the development of the scale for the West Coast and has applied it in other areas of the world, including the Arctic and Antarctica. He has largely driven the research \u2014 and the marketing \u2014 of the term atmospheric river, especially in California. He and his team have written dozens of papers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-7\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt was Marty Ralph who sort of organized the scientific community around this idea that atmospheric rivers are a phenomenon that\u2019s worth studying, and I think his prominence led people implicitly to associate atmospheric rivers with the West Coast, even though the original studies were worldwide studies,\u201d Dr. O\u2019Brien said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">That association, or lack of one, has trickled down to daily forecasts, where West Coast offices of the Weather Service will commonly discuss atmospheric rivers, but offices in other parts of the country do not.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-8\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cWe don\u2019t typically describe it that way in the Midwest and Southeast,\u201d said Jimmy Barham, a lead meteorologist at the Weather Service in Arkansas. \u201cWe\u2019re just going to say upper-level moisture.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The emphasis on the West Coast has also meant that atmospheric rivers have been studied <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climate.gov\/news-features\/feed\/atmospheric-rivers-over-eastern-us-affected-pacificnorth-america-pattern\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">less<\/a> in other parts of the country, where hurricanes and summer thunderstorms are also big rainmakers and get a lot of the attention.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Dr. Ralph hopes to see the research expand to the East Coast.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt turns out that inside of a big Nor\u2019easter often lurks a very strong \u2014 if not exceptionally strong \u2014 atmospheric river,\u201d he said, \u201cand that has not traditionally been recognized, but research is starting to document that.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/05\/03\/weather\/atmospheric-rivers-midwest-california.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For people on the West Coast, atmospheric rivers, a weather phenomenon that can bring heavy rain or snow from San<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22994,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[283,493,311,3844,492,5651,2324,491,6755,2413],"class_list":["post-22993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-california","tag-floods","tag-los-angeles","tag-mississippi","tag-rain","tag-southeastern-states-us","tag-university-of-california","tag-weather","tag-western-states-us","tag-wind"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>One of the Weather World\u2019s Biggest Buzzwords Expands Its Reach - World News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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