{"id":22321,"date":"2025-05-01T00:52:57","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T00:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/julia-parsons-u-s-navy-code-breaker-during-world-war-ii-dies-at-104\/"},"modified":"2025-05-01T00:52:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T00:52:57","slug":"julia-parsons-u-s-navy-code-breaker-during-world-war-ii-dies-at-104","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/julia-parsons-u-s-navy-code-breaker-during-world-war-ii-dies-at-104\/","title":{"rendered":"Julia Parsons, U.S. Navy Code Breaker During World War II, Dies at 104"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Julia Parsons, a U.S. Navy code breaker during World War II who was among the last survivors of a top-secret team of women that unscrambled messages to and from German U-boats, died on April 18 in Aspinwall, Pa. She was 104.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Her death, in a Veterans Affairs hospice facility, was confirmed by her daughter Margaret Breines.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">A lover of puzzles and crosswords while growing up in Pittsburgh during the Great Depression, Mrs. Parsons deciphered German military messages that had been created by an Enigma machine, a typewriter-size device with a keyboard wired to internal rotors, which generated millions of codes. Her efforts provided Allied forces with information critical to evading, attacking and sinking enemy submarines.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The Germans thought their machine was impenetrable. \u201cThey just refused to believe that anyone could break their codes,\u201d Thomas Perera, a former psychology professor at Montclair State University who collects Enigma machines and has <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/enigmamuseum.com\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">an online museum<\/a> devoted to them, said in an interview. \u201cTheir submarines were sending their exact latitude and longitude every day.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The unraveling of the Enigma puzzle began in the late 1930s, when Polish mathematicians, using intelligence gathered by French authorities, reverse-engineered the device and began developing the Bombe, a computer-like code-breaking machine. The Poles shared the information with British authorities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In 1941, during an operation that was among the war\u2019s most closely held secrets, the Royal Navy captured a German submarine with an Enigma machine on board. The British mathematician <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/06\/05\/obituaries\/alan-turing-overlooked.html\" title=\"\">Alan Turing<\/a> \u2014 working secretly with intelligence services in England \u2014 used it to refine the <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bletchleypark.org.uk\/our-story\/6-facts-about-the-bombe\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Bombe<\/a>. British authorities sent instructions for building the Bombe to the U.S. Navy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">At the U.S. Naval Communications Annex in Washington, Mrs. Parsons and hundreds of other women used the Bombe to decipher German military radio transmissions, revealing information that was instrumental in shortening and winning the war, historians have said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cWe tried to figure out what the message was saying, then we drew up what we called a menu showing what we thought the letters were,\u201d she <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/history\/2022\/11\/11\/julia-parsons-woman-codebreaker-wwii\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">told The Washington Post<\/a> in 2022. \u201cThat was fed into the computer, which then spat out all possible wheel orders for the day. Those changed every day and the settings changed twice a day, so we were constantly working on them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She joined the war effort in the summer of 1942, after reading a newspaper article about a new U.S. Navy program called Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service, or WAVES. \u201cThere was nothing for women to do but sit at home and wait,\u201d she <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/nashuproar.org\/53199\/features\/the-extraordinary-life-of-julia-parsons\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">told The Uproar<\/a>, the student newspaper at North Allegheny Senior High School, in 2022. \u201cI knew I wasn\u2019t going to do that.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">More than 100,000 women <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/articles\/000\/waves-united-states-naval-women-s-reserve.htm\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">joined the WAVES<\/a> during the war. In 1943, she left Pittsburgh for officer training at Smith College, in Massachusetts, where she took courses on cryptology, physics and naval history. After her training, she was sent to the Naval Communications Annex, in Washington.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">One day, an officer there asked if anyone could speak German. She had taken two years of the language in high school, so she raised her hand.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThey shot me off to the Enigma section immediately, and I began learning how to de\u00adcode German U\u00ad-boat message traffic on the job, Day 1,\u201d Mrs. Parsons <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/veteransbreakfastclub.org\/julia-parsons-101st-birthday-party\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">said<\/a> in an <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/veteransbreakfastclub.org\/code-breaker\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">interview<\/a> with the Veterans Breakfast Club, a nonprofit organization. \u201cEnemy messages arrived all day from all over the North Atlantic, plus the North Sea and the Bay of Biscay.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Her cryptological handiwork saved some lives while simultaneously ending others, presenting her with a moral quandary as she parsed the day\u2019s messages.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She recalled decoding a congratulatory note transmitted to a German sailor following the birth of his son. His submarine was sunk a few days later.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cTo think that we all had a hand in killing somebody did not sit well with me,\u201d Mrs. Parsons told The Washington Post. \u201cI felt really bad. That baby would never see his father.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Still, she was proud to serve.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThis was a very patriotic time in the country,\u201d she <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.historynet.com\/loose-lips-sinks-ships-navy-waves-recalls-cracking-german-enigma-code\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">told HistoryNet<\/a> in 2021. \u201cEverybody did something. Everybody was patriotic. It was a beautiful time for that kind of thing.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-5\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Julia Mary Potter was born on March 2, 1921, in Pittsburgh. Her father, Howard G. Potter, was a professor at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, now known as Carnegie Mellon University. Her mother, Margaret (Filbert) Potter, was a kindergarten teacher.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cHer family was always a puzzle family,\u201d Mrs. Parsons\u2019s daughter Barbara Skelton said in a 2013 <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wesa.fm\/identity-justice\/2013-09-19\/meet-julia-parsons-pittsburgh-native-and-wwii-code-breaker\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">interview<\/a> with WESA, a public radio station in Pittsburgh. \u201cIt\u2019s always crossword puzzles, jigsaw puzzles, so the fact that she was involved in decoding certainly makes perfect sense \u2014 and she\u2019s very good at it.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-6\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">After graduating from Carnegie Tech in 1942, Julia worked at an Army ordnance factory.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cWe were checking gauges,\u201d she <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wesa.fm\/identity-justice\/2013-09-19\/meet-julia-parsons-pittsburgh-native-and-wwii-code-breaker\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">told WESA<\/a>. \u201cThe steel mills were making shells and all that kind of ordnance equipment, and they were hiring all the Rosie the Riveters to work there, which was the first time women had been in the steel mills. It was considered very bad luck to have women in, so they did not accept Rosie gracefully.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The WAVES program provided an escape \u2014 a clandestine one. She told people she was doing office work for the government. She married in 1944, but didn\u2019t spill the secret even to her husband, Donald C. Parsons. She didn\u2019t tell their children, either.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In 1997, Mrs. Parsons visited the National Cryptologic Museum near Washington, just another tourist interested in American history.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThe exhibits there astounded me,\u201d she said in the Veterans Breakfast Club interview. \u201cHere was every sort of Enigma machine \u2014 early models, late models \u2014 on display for all to see, with detailed explanations of how they worked.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She asked a tour guide why the machines were on display. The guide replied that the Enigma work had been declassified in the 1970s. Mrs. Parsons hadn\u2019t known. She spent rest of her life visiting classrooms and giving interviews, eager to tell her story.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-7\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s been good to break the silence,\u201d she said. \u201cGood for me, and for history.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In addition to Ms. Breines and Ms. Skelton, Mrs. Parsons is survived by a son, Bruce; eight grandchildren; and 11 great-grandchildren. Her husband died in 2006.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Mrs. Parsons was one of the last surviving code breakers, but she may have had another distinction \u2014 as perhaps the oldest <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/games\/wordle\/index.html\" title=\"\">Wordle player<\/a> in the world. She played The New York Times puzzle every morning on her iPad and then texted the result to her children.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">It was a sort of code.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cThat\u2019s how we knew she was up and about,\u201d Ms. Breines said in an interview. \u201cAnd if we didn\u2019t hear from her, we\u2019d call and say, \u2018Where\u2019s your Wordle?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/04\/30\/world\/julia-parsons-dead.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Julia Parsons, a U.S. Navy code breaker during World War II who was among the last survivors of a top-secret<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22322,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[3721,3720,441,576,6630,4229,162,2397,592],"class_list":["post-22321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-world","tag-codes-and-ciphers","tag-cryptography","tag-deaths-obituaries","tag-defense-and-military-forces","tag-julia-parsons","tag-submarines-and-submersibles","tag-united-states-defense-and-military-forces","tag-united-states-navy","tag-world-war-ii-1939-45"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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