{"id":21281,"date":"2025-04-27T11:00:50","date_gmt":"2025-04-27T11:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/times-investigation-into-the-deadly-crash-at-national-airport-5-takeaways\/"},"modified":"2025-04-27T11:00:50","modified_gmt":"2025-04-27T11:00:50","slug":"times-investigation-into-the-deadly-crash-at-national-airport-5-takeaways","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/times-investigation-into-the-deadly-crash-at-national-airport-5-takeaways\/","title":{"rendered":"Times Investigation Into the Deadly Crash at National Airport: 5 Takeaways"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">It is clear that something went terribly wrong the night of Jan. 29, when an Army Black Hawk helicopter collided with an American Airlines regional jet over the Potomac River near Ronald Reagan National Airport, killing everyone on board the aircraft.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But one error did not cause the worst domestic crash in the United States in nearly a quarter-century. Modern aviation is designed to have redundancies and safeguards that prevent a misstep, or even several missteps, from being catastrophic. On Jan. 29, that system collapsed, a New York Times investigation found.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Up to now, attention has focused on the Black Hawk\u2019s altitude, which was too high and placed it directly in the jet\u2019s landing path. But The Times uncovered new details showing that the failures were far more complex than previously understood.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Here are five takeaways from the investigation:<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-75b4b3d2\">The Black Hawk crew failed to effectively execute a common but sometimes dangerous aviation practice.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The practice, known as flying under see and avoid rules, works exactly as it sounds. A pilot is meant to see neighboring air traffic, often without assistance from the air traffic controller, and avoid it by hovering in place until the traffic passes or by flying around it in prescribed ways.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">One benefit of the see-and-avoid system is that it can lighten the controller\u2019s workload during busy periods. But see and avoid has proved problematic, even deadly, in recent decades. It has also been implicated in at least 40 fatal collisions since 2010, according to the National Transportation Safety Board.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">On the night of the crash, the Black Hawk crew did not execute see and avoid effectively. The pilots either did not detect the specific passenger jet the controller had flagged, or could not pivot to a safer position. The result is that they flew directly into the path of American Airlines Flight 5342 as it tried to land at National Airport.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-46e8986\">The air traffic controller could have given a more urgent warning that the two aircraft were converging.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Though the air traffic controller on duty that night had delegated the prime responsibility for evading other air traffic to the Black Hawk crew, he continued to monitor the helicopter, as his job required. Yet he did not issue clear, urgent instructions to the Black Hawk to avert the crash, aviation experts say.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">As the two aircraft moved closer to each other, the controller issued an instruction to the helicopter crew: Pass behind the airplane.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some former military pilots said that by issuing that command, the controller was going above and beyond his obligations, especially under see-and-avoid conditions, and that an experienced Black Hawk crew should have known what to do without help.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Still, some regulators and controllers said that the controller in this case could have done more.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">He could have told the Black Hawk crew where Flight 5342 was positioned and which way it was bound. (The Federal Aviation Administration <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.faa.gov\/air_traffic\/publications\/atpubs\/atc_html\/chap7_section_2.html\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">manual instructions<\/a> direct controllers to use the hours of a clock in describing locations.) He also could have provided the jet\u2019s distance from the helicopter in nautical miles or feet.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But one thing is critical. When two aircraft are on a collision course, the controller\u2019s top priority must be to warn both sets of pilots. \u201cAdvise the pilots if the targets appear likely to merge,\u201d F.A.A. regulations state.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">That did not happen.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-7135e5de\">Technology did not work as intended.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Radio communications, the tried-and-true means of interaction between controllers and pilots, also broke down. Some of the controller\u2019s instructions were \u201cstepped on\u201d \u2014 meaning that they cut out when the helicopter crew pressed a microphone to speak \u2014 and important information likely went unheard.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Technology on the Black Hawk that would have allowed controllers to better track the helicopter was <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/02\/06\/us\/politics\/crash-army-helicopter-tracking.html\" title=\"\">turned off.<\/a> The Black Hawk did not operate with the technology because of the confidentiality of the mission for which its crew was practicing. That is because the helicopter\u2019s positions can be obtained by anyone with an internet connection when the technology is turned on, making it a potential risk to national security.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">As a result, the controller relied on pings from the helicopter\u2019s transponder to show its changing location on the radar, which can take between five and 12 seconds to refresh, according to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.faa.gov\/air_traffic\/technology\/equipadsb\/capabilities\/benefits#:~:text=Aircraft%20equipped%20with%20ADS%2DB,altitudes%20than%20current%20ATC%20radars.\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">F.A.A. documents<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In a busy airspace, that lapse, said Michael McCormick, a former vice president of the F.A.A. Air Traffic Organization, is \u201ca very long time.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-3922995e\">The route the helicopter was flying and the runway the jet was using to land formed a particularly dangerous combination.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Near the end of his shift, the controller handling both helicopters and commercial jets tried to pull off a complicated, and potentially risky, maneuver controllers refer to as a squeeze play.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">That is an attempt to keep operations moving efficiently by tightly sequencing runway traffic with minimal time between takeoffs or landings, according to veteran National Airport controllers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The landing of Flight 5342 from Wichita, Kan., was supposed to be a part of that maneuver. In order to pull it off, the controller evidently decided to land that flight not on the commonly used Runway 1, but the little-used Runway 33.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Runway 33 had a quirk: a particularly narrow vertical space between the landing slope for a jet and the maximum altitude at which helicopters using a certain route, called Route 4, could fly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">At its highest, near the Potomac\u2019s east bank, the vertical distance between a helicopter and an aircraft en route to landing on Runway 33 would be 75 feet, N.T.S.B. investigators said. But if a helicopter were flying farther from the river\u2019s east bank toward the airport, that distance would be even less.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">With so little margin for error, it would be crucial that the helicopter fly below the maximum altitude for the route.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The Black Hawk that night was flying higher than that, putting everyone in both aircraft in peril.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-10c5ceae\">The Black Hawk pilot failed to heed a directive from her co-pilot to change course.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The Army crew\u2019s mission was to conduct an annual evaluation of Capt. Rebecca M. Lobach, to ensure that her helicopter piloting skills were up to par.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">That night, her assignment was to navigate the conditions of a scenario in which members of Congress or other senior government officials might need to be carried out of the nation\u2019s capital in the event of an attack. Chief Warrant Officer 2 Andrew Loyd Eaves was her instructor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In the final seconds before impact, Warrant Officer Eaves told Captain Lobach that the air traffic controller wanted her to turn left.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Turning left would have opened up more space between the helicopter and Flight 5342, which was heading for Runway 33 at an altitude of roughly 300 feet. But there is no indication that she ever turned left. Instead, the helicopter flew directly into the jet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/04\/27\/us\/politics\/takeaways-investigation-airport-collision.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is clear that something went terribly wrong the night of Jan. 29, when an Army Black Hawk helicopter collided<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21282,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[5167,584,2637,1163,720,889,1325,1364],"class_list":["post-21281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-us","tag-air-traffic-control","tag-airlines-and-airplanes","tag-airports","tag-american-airlines","tag-federal-aviation-administration","tag-national-transportation-safety-board","tag-potomac-river","tag-washington-dc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Times Investigation Into the Deadly Crash at National Airport: 5 Takeaways - World News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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