{"id":19181,"date":"2025-04-13T19:59:22","date_gmt":"2025-04-13T19:59:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/irmgard-furchner-secretary-at-a-hub-of-nazi-atrocities-dies-at-99\/"},"modified":"2025-04-13T19:59:22","modified_gmt":"2025-04-13T19:59:22","slug":"irmgard-furchner-secretary-at-a-hub-of-nazi-atrocities-dies-at-99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/irmgard-furchner-secretary-at-a-hub-of-nazi-atrocities-dies-at-99\/","title":{"rendered":"Irmgard Furchner, Secretary at a Hub of Nazi Atrocities, Dies at 99"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Irmgard Furchner, whose role as a teenage secretary in the administration of a Nazi concentration camp in German-occupied Poland led to her conviction in 2022 for being an accessory to more than 10,000 murders, died on Jan. 14. She was 99.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Frederike Milhoffer, the spokeswoman for the court in Itzehoe, in northern Germany, where Ms. Furchner was tried, confirmed the death but did not provide any other information. The German magazine Der Spiegel and the German newspaper Schleswig-Holsteinische Zeitungsverlag reported Ms. Furchner\u2019s death on April 7.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The prosecution of Ms. Furchner reflected a shift over the past decade by German authorities, who now pursue cases against lower-level workers like guards as accessories to murders because of the nature of their jobs in the camps, whereas they used to need specific evidence of murders. <\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s a real milestone in judicial accountability,\u201d <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/02\/05\/world\/europe\/germany-nazi-secretary-Irmgard.html\" title=\"\">Onur Ozata, a lawyer who represented some of the survivors who testified at Ms. Furchner\u2019s trial<\/a>, told The New York Times in 2021, when the indictment was announced. \u201cThe fact that a secretary in this system, a bureaucratic cog, can be brought to justice is something new.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ms. Furchner \u2014 her name was Irmgard Dirksen at the time \u2014 first reported for work at the Stutthof camp, about 20 miles from Danzig (now Gdansk), in June 1943. She served the commandant, Paul-Werner Hoppe, for nearly two years as a secretary and typist.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She performed traditional secretarial duties like taking dictation and drafting letters. But in the nontraditional sphere of a Nazi concentration camp, the newspaper Die Welt reported, she typed deportation lists and execution orders.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">It was her knowledge of what transpired at the camp that led to her indictment as an accessory to thousands of murders at Stutthof and an accessory to five attempted murders at the camp. The indictment put her at an administrative hub of the Holocaust, during which the Nazis murdered six million Jews and about five million non-Jews.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s about the concrete responsibility she had in the daily functioning of the camp,\u201d Peter M\u00fcller-Rakow of the public prosecutor\u2019s office in Itzehoe said in 2021.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">On the day she was scheduled to hear the charges against her, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/09\/30\/world\/europe\/irmgard-furchner-germany-nazi.html\" title=\"\">she fled: Instead of taking a taxi to the cour<\/a>t from her assisted living home outside Hamburg, she headed to a nearby subway station, where police officers eventually apprehended her.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She was tried as a juvenile because she had been a minor during her time at Stutthof. The prosecution had investigated the case for five years: an independent historian was hired and survivors in the United States and Israel were interviewed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">During the trial, the court heard testimony from several survivors. One of them, Josef Salomonovic, was a child when he entered Stutthof. As he spoke to the court, he held up a photograph of his father, Erich, who was killed at the camp, because he believed that Ms. Furchner needed to look directly at his father\u2019s image.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cShe\u2019s indirectly guilty,\u201d <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-64036465\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Mr.<\/a> Salomonovic <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-64036465\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">told reporters at the court in 2021<\/a>, \u201ceven if she just sat in the office and put her stamp on my father\u2019s death certificate.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">One of the prosecutors, Maxi Wantzen, disputed Ms. Furchner\u2019s claim that she was unaware of the atrocities at the camp.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIf the defendant looked out of the window, she could see the new prisoners who were being selected,\u201d Ms. Wantzen told the court. \u201cNobody could miss the smoke from the crematorium or not notice the smell of burned corpses.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">After the court convicted her in December 2022, Dominik Gross, the presiding judge, said that Ms. Furchner had been a willing member of the camp\u2019s bureaucratic machinery who could have left at any time without any consequences.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\"><a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/12\/20\/world\/europe\/germany-nazi-camp-secretary.html\" title=\"\">He also said that during her time at Stutthof, she \u201cdid not remain unaware of what happened there,\u201d<\/a> and that \u201cshe was an auxiliary worker for the precise purpose of assisting in the implementation of the goals pursued in the camp.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Ms. Furchner arrived in court that day in a wheelchair, wearing a hat, dark sunglasses and a Covid mask. And she addressed the court for the first time.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cI am sorry for everything that happened,\u201d she said. \u201cI regret that I was in Stutthof at that time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She received a two-year suspended sentence.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Manfred Goldberg, another survivor who testified at the trial, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-64036465\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">told the BBC<\/a> that he was disappointed by the circumstances that led to the brevity of the sentence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s a foregone conclusion that a 97-year-old would not be made to serve a sentence in prison \u2014 so it could only be a symbolic sentence,\u201d he said. \u201cBut the length should be made to reflect the extraordinary barbarity of being found to be complicit in the murder of more than 10,000 people.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Irmgard Magdalene Dirksen was born on May 29, 1925, in <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/history-free-city-danzig-gdansk\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">the Free City of Danzig<\/a>, a Polish city-state, where she attended elementary school. She later earned a commercial apprenticeship and worked as a typist at a bank before being hired at Stutthof, according to the German newspaper Die Tageszeitung.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The Stutthof camp opened in 1939. Originally a civilian internment camp, it became a \u201clabor education\u201d camp in late 1941, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/stutthof\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum<\/a>. In January 1942, it was turned into a concentration camp, and it was eventually surrounded by electrified barbed wire.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Later that year, Mr. Hoppe, a lieutenant colonel who had run a guard detachment at Auschwitz, became Stutthof\u2019s commandant; after ordering the camp evacuated and sending inmates on a death march in early 1945, he ran another camp. He stood trial in West Germany in 1955 and was sentenced to nine years in prison, with hard labor, for aiding and abetting the murders of several hundred inmates.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">During Mr. Hoppe\u2019s trial, Ms. Furchner testified that all correspondence at Stutthof from the economic arm of the SS, the paramilitary organization that controlled the concentration camp system, passed through her desk. She was also a witness at other postwar trials.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-5\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She may have met her future husband, Heinz Furchstam, an SS officer, at the camp. They married after the war and at some point, he or they, changed the surname to Furchner.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">She held an administrative job in northern Germany. Information on survivors was not available.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">When Ms. Furchner appealed her conviction, her lawyer argued that she was only carrying out ordinary duties.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\"><a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/court-upholds-99-year-old-nazi-camp-workers-murder-conviction-2024-08-20\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">But in the ruling against her by Germany\u2019s federal court of justice<\/a> in August 2024, the judges wrote, \u201cThe principle that typical, neutral professional activities of an \u2018everyday\u2019 nature are not criminal does not apply here since the defendant knew what the main perpetrators were doing and supported them doing it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-798hid etfikam0\">Christopher F. Schuetze<!-- --> contributed reporting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/04\/13\/world\/europe\/irmgard-furchner-dead.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Irmgard Furchner, whose role as a teenage secretary in the administration of a Nazi concentration camp in German-occupied Poland led<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19182,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[441,154,6012,6013,6014,592],"class_list":["post-19181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-world","tag-deaths-obituaries","tag-decisions-and-verdicts","tag-furchner","tag-irmgard","tag-stutthof-concentration-camp","tag-world-war-ii-1939-45"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Irmgard Furchner, Secretary at a Hub of Nazi Atrocities, Dies at 99 - World News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/irmgard-furchner-secretary-at-a-hub-of-nazi-atrocities-dies-at-99\/\" \/>\n<meta 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