{"id":13821,"date":"2025-03-18T17:41:32","date_gmt":"2025-03-18T17:41:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/a-lifeboat-to-london-for-darwins-frogs\/"},"modified":"2025-03-18T17:41:32","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T17:41:32","slug":"a-lifeboat-to-london-for-darwins-frogs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.itshrt.com\/worldnews\/a-lifeboat-to-london-for-darwins-frogs\/","title":{"rendered":"A Lifeboat to London for Darwin\u2019s Frogs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The folk song \u201cFrog Went a-Courtin\u2019\u201d recounts the efforts of a sword- and pistol-toting frog to woo a mouse, who warns him that without the consent of her Uncle Rat she \u201cwouldn\u2019t marry the president.\u201d The courtship rituals of Darwin\u2019s frogs, in the cool, temperate rainforests of southern South America, are not nearly as conditional. What sets their hookups apart are the child custody arrangements.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Darwin\u2019s frogs, named after Charles Darwin, who spotted them in 1834 while exploring Chilo\u00e9 Island in Chile, take an approach to parenting that is unique among amphibians: Males rear their young in their vocal sacs until the juveniles are ready to fend for themselves, a reproductive strategy known as mouth brooding.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Adult Darwin\u2019s frogs are about an inch long and weigh less than a couple of paper clips. Although the frogs are thought to live as long as 15 years in the wild, they are highly susceptible to chytridiomycosis, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/06\/26\/science\/frogs-amphibians-chytrid-fungus.html\" title=\"\">a virulent amphibian disease<\/a> caused by the chytrid fungus. Since the 1990s, the pathogen, which invades the surface layers of skin, has been implicated in the mass die-offs of roughly 400 amphibian species and has killed off at least 90 more.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Chilo\u00e9 Island was once a sanctuary for Darwin\u2019s frogs, but two years ago monitoring confirmed the presence of the chytrid fungus. \u201cThis is likely a result of climatic change that has made local conditions more favorable for it,\u201d said John W. Wilkinson, a conservation biologist based in Britain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-2\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Within a year, a chytridiomycosis outbreak had claimed more than 90 percent of the island\u2019s Darwin\u2019s frogs. \u201cThey die within weeks of becoming infected,\u201d said Ben Tapley, a curator at the London Zoo who specializes in critically endangered reptiles and amphibians.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Mark O\u2019Shea, who is a herpetologist and a co-author of the guidebook \u201cFrogs of the World,\u201d noted: \u201cAfter pollution, habitat alteration, fragmentation and destruction, and predation by invasive species, the arrival of chytridiomycosis could be the final nail in the coffin for many stressed Darwin\u2019s frog populations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">In October, with the species on the brink of extinction, the London Zoo organized a rescue mission and established a captive breeding program to help save the frog from being wiped out. \u201cThere\u2019s nothing quite like Darwin\u2019s frogs,\u201d Dr. Tapley said. \u201cTheir evolutionary distinctiveness is really, really striking.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-1572bae0\">A breed apart<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-3\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">During breeding season, the advertisement male Darwin\u2019s frogs use to attract females is a rapid, high-pitched whistle \u2014 piiiip, piiiip, piiiip. \u201cIt\u2019s more of a squeak, like something metallic that needs oiling,\u201d Dr. Tapley said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">When the female appears and the couple mates, she subsequently lays up to 40 eggs in a leaf litter, then hops away. The male stands guard over the frogspawn in a vigil that can last up to three weeks. As the larvae reach the wriggling stage, the father-in-waiting scoops them up with his tongue. The embryos pass into his vocal sac, an expandable fold of skin that reaches back to the groin. Within the membrane\u2019s deep folds, the tadpoles develop in safety.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Some two months later, the dad, who remains silent during the incubation period and transforms from dull brown to bright green, \u201cbirths\u201d a colony of froglets through his mouth. The only other amphibian that behaves this way is the northern Darwin\u2019s frog (Rhinoderma rufum), whose existence has not been documented since 1981 and which is presumed to be extinct.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-230b55ad\">A box of frogs<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-4\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">At Parque Tantauco, a private nature preserve on the southern tip of Chilo\u00e9 Island, the population decline was dramatic. The London conservationists were charged with retrieving fungus-free frogs for safekeeping. Ultimately, they hope to devise treatments to mitigate the threat of the fungus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<div data-testid=\"companionColumn-5\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Fifty-five specimens were rounded up during a five-day expedition. To screen for possible contamination, skin swabs were flown to a laboratory in Santiago, the Chilean capital. All but two frogs were cleared for the 7,000-mile journey to London. The 53 frogs were individually packed with ice and wet moss in climate-controlled transport boxes \u2014 two ounces of frog in a 120-pound box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">After traveling by boat, plane and van to their new digs in London, the frogs were transferred to a biosecure room that recreated the lighting, humidity and foliage of their natural habitat. \u201cThey were housed as breeding pairs to maximize genetic diversity,\u201d Dr. Tapley said. \u201cWe plan to establish a stud book, like the ones used to maintain the pedigrees of racehorses.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Eleven of the males turned out to be carrying young. Last month, they spit out 33 hatchlings. Each measured two-tenths of an inch, the size of a pencil eraser.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">The frog in the folk song met his end in the gullet of a lily-white duck that \u201cswallowed him up.\u201d If London\u2019s captive Darwin\u2019s frogs are ever reintroduced to the rainforest, they must take their chances with the predators in southern Chile.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"\/><\/div>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- ItShrt World News -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6606220950177433\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"1882483372\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\r\n<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/18\/science\/darwins-frogs-chytridiomycosis-london-zoo.html\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The folk song \u201cFrog Went a-Courtin\u2019\u201d recounts the efforts of a sword- and pistol-toting frog to woo a mouse, who<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13822,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[4408,2175,612,324,4406,1932,949,4409,4407,188,1399],"class_list":["post-13821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-amphibians","tag-chile","tag-conservation-of-resources","tag-endangered-and-extinct-species","tag-frogs","tag-fungi","tag-great-britain","tag-london-zoo","tag-wildlife-die-offs","tag-your-feed-science","tag-zoos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - 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